Refers to disagreements that arise within a channel when a channel member’s decisions affect (often negatively) the business operations of other members.
A component of the internal influences on consumer buying behavior that represents what a person feels or believes and which may be reflected in how a person acts (e.g., what they buy).
Metric for assessing advertising expenditure determined by dividing the total cost for a certain advertisement by the percentage of an audience who experience the advertisement (e.g., seen, heard) are actually within the marketer’s target market.
A critical component needed to make good marketing decisions by presenting a picture of what is occurring (or likely to occur) in a market and then offering alternative courses of action that may be followed by the marketer in order to reach their objectives.
A type of business purchase decision faced by buyers considering an important purchase but one the buyer has never or rarely made before and, consequently, will devote considerable time evaluating alternatives.
A form of trade sales promotion that are generally found in retail outlets and allow products to be prominently presented thereby increasing the probability the product will standout.
A component of the external influences on consumer buying behavior that represents the circumstances, such as environment, emotional state or time pressure, a person is experiencing when faced with a purchase decision.